Descriptive text

Social Function
To describe a particular person, place or thing

Significant Grammatical Features

• Focus on specific Participant
• Use of attributes and identifying Processes
• Frequent use of Epithets and Classifiers in nominal groups
• Use of simple present tense  

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features

• Focus on Specific Participantas
• Use of Attributive and Identifying Processes.
• Frequent use of epithets Classifiers in nominal grups.
• Use of simple present tense

The features: CIRI KETERBATASAN

• Nouns tertentu, misalnya teacher, house, my rabbit, dsb

• Simple present tense

• Detailed noun phrase untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek misalnya she a sweet young lady

• Berbagai macam adjectives, yang bersifat describing, numbering, classifying, misalnya : two strong legs, dsb

• Relating verbs untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek. Misalnya : My mum is really cool, it has very thick fur, dsb

• Thinking verbs dan feeling verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi   penulis tentang subjek, misalnya : police believe the suspect is armed. I think it is a clever animal, dsb. Action verbs, misalnya : our new puppy bites our shoes, dsb.

• Adverbials untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang perilaku tersebut. Misalnya : fast, at the three house, dsb.

• Bahasa figurative, seperti simile, metaphor, misalnya : John is white as chalk,   sat, tight, dsb.

The generic structure of Descriptive text :

Identification :
Identifies phenomenon to be described.


Description :
Describes part qualities & characteristic.


Linguistic features :

1.Specific participants.
2.Linking verbs.
3.Simple present.
4.Adjective.
5.Noun phrase.

Congratulation,Compliment,And Gratitude

Hi guys This is Me William
you must know about congratulation,compliment and gratitude because they are very important in our life.Let's check out guys :)

Congratulation is an expression that we use to give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something.

Congratulating:

• Congratulations!
• Congratulations on your success!
• Happy birthday!
• Happy Lebaran Day/Happy led!
• Merry Christmas!
• Happy New Year!
• Happy Valentine!
• Happy anniversary!

Compliment is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will, for example:

• on his/her general appearance
• if you notice something new about the person’s appearance
• when you visit someone’s house for the first time
• when other people do their best

Complimenting:

• What a nice dress!
• You look great.
• You look very nice/beautiful/handsome.
• I really must express my admiration for your dance.
• Good grades!
• Excellent!
• Nice work!
• Good job!

Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.

Thanking:

• Thank you very much
• Thank you for your help
• I’m really very grateful to you
• You’re welcome
• Don’t mention it
• It’s a pleasure / My pleasure
• I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father, etc)
• I am grateful to your help

Simple Future Tense

WILLIAM SAYS
Simple future is used for describing event or action that will to do (happen) at future.

1.Future tense “will”

•To assert incident/event that future and decide that incident at talking.

Example= A: Can you help me to do this homework?
B: Of course, I will do it for you.

•To offer to do something.

Example= A: I don’t have a pen to write.
B: Don’t worry.I will lend you.

•To assert an agreement to do something.

Example= A: You must come to my party.
B: I promise I will come on party.

•To ask someone to do something.

Example=A:It’s very hot in my room.
B: Certainly.


2.Future tense “shall”

•To assert a deal or gift suggestion
Example= Today, we are free.
Where shall we go?

Note: shall for subject “I, we”

3.Future tense “be going to”

•To assert an incident that will be happened and gone ever break a promise to do it.
Example=A: Did you send my letter for her?
B: Oh, I’m sorry I forgot.I’m going to send it tonight.

•To assert an incident/event that cause there are incident/event that mention that what will be next happened.

Example= A: The sky is very dark.What do you think?
B: I think it’s going to rain.

1.Positive (+):

a.Subject + shall/will + VI
Example:I shall clean the room.
We will go to school.
She will give a present.

Note: “shall” just can use for subject “I and We”

b.Subject + to be + going to + VI

Example:I am going to play tennis.
They are going to swim very fast.
He is going to write a story.
2.Negative (-)

a.Subject + shall/will + not + VI
Example:I shan’t buy ashirt.
He won’t clean the room.

Note:shall not = shan’t Will not = won’t

b.Subject + to be + not + going to + VI
Example: I am not going to give a present.

3.Interrogative (?)

a.Shall/will + subject + VI ?

Example: Will we play tennis?

b.to be + subject + going to + VI ?

Example: Is she going to write a story?

Invitation (written)

hi guys, can you make invitation (written)?
if you can't make it ,then i give you a material about how to make invitation (written) :)

Writing an Invitation Letter
An invitation letter serves the purpose of inviting a guest to a party, an event or a celebration while conveying more information than a traditional invitations card. It serves two purposes; one, to invite the individual to the event and two, to ensure that the person receiving the letter is going to attend.

There are two tenses used within the invitation letter, the present and the future. The present tense conveys information about the event and the future tense ensures the guest is going to attend.

Here's How:
1. Names of party hosts or sponsoring organization.
2. Type of event (birthday party, business networking meeting, etc.).
3. Place.
4. Date.
5. Time.
6. RSVP date and phone number.
7. Any special dress requirements from black-tie to bathing suits.
8. Rain date (if any).
9. Be specific about who is invited, whether address only, with guest, or with spouse and children.

Tips:
1. Always send written invitations for formal events such as business gatherings, formal dinners, and special occasions like showers, weddings or events honoring someone.

2. If guests are not from your local area, include a map to location of event.

3. Send anywhere from 8 - 2 weeks in advance depending on formality of occasion. Weddings require the longest lead-time; casual dinners and brunches require the least.

4. Offerins invitation
->Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
->Will you join us?
->Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
->Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
->I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?

5. Accepting invitation
->Yes,I’d love very much.
->Thank you.
->Yes,with pleasure.

6. Reffusing
->If you don’t mind,i’d rather not.
->Thank you,i’m busy,may be next time.
->I have got another appointment.
->I’m sorry.
->I’ve lost to work to do.

EXAMPLE :
Invitation Verbal
Example:
We want to invite you to come to our house
Can you come to my restaurant?
Are you free tonight?

Accepting (menerima)
I like that
That sounds good
Thank you for inviting

Refusing(menolak)
I like that but I can’t
I’m very sorry for not able to come
Sorry, I’m very busy

News Item

William present News Item 

News Item is a factual text which informs the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.


Social function of news item is: to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic structure:

• Newsworthy Event(s): recounts the events in summary form
• Background Event(s): elaborate what happened, to WHOM, in WHAT circumstances.
• Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to, and expert on the event.

Significant Grammar Features:

• Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
• Generally using Simple Past Tense
• Use of Material Processes to retell the event
• Using Action Verbs, e.g.: were, run, go, kill, etc.
• Using Saying Verbs, e.g.: say, tell
• Focus on Circumstances
• Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stages

There are some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.
The passive voice is used without the appropriate form of “be”.

•Example: Town ‘Contaminated’
•Complete Sentence: Town is contaminated.

It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used.

Example:Fire Destroys over 2,511 acres of Forest in 2003-2004
Complete Sentence:Fire has destroyed over 2,511 acres of forest in 2003-2004.


The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.

Example: World Heading for Energy Crisis
Complete Sentence: The world is heading for an energy crisis.

To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.

Example: Queen to Visit Samoa.
Complete Sentence: The Queen is going to visit Samoa.

Headlines are not always complete sentences.

Example: More earthquakes in Japan.
Complete Sentence: More earthquakes happened in Japan

Asking if someone remembers or not

Asking if someone remembers or not

Formal expressions

• I wonder if you remember ….
• You remember ...., don’t you?
• You haven’t forgotten ...., have you?
• Don’t you remember ....?
• Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond

• Let me think, yes, I remember.
• I remember especially the scenery.
• I’ll never forget that.
• I’ll always remember.
• I can remember it clearly

Informal expressions

• Remember the old house we used to live in?
• Remember that?
• I’m sorry, I don’t remember.

Ways to respond

• Hold on. Yes, got it!
• I know ….
• It’s coming back to me now.

Response if you forget:

• Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
• I’m afraid I forget.
• I really can’t remember.
• I’m afraid I have no memory of him.
• Err, let me think. No, it’s gone.
• Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

Surprise and disbelief

Surprise & Disbelief :

A feeling that we feel when heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed us an expression that we show/ say when we know /hear/see something that rather difficult to believe .Used to express something taht we cant or impossible.

To express surprise or disbelief:

• What a surprise!
• That’s a surprise!
• (Well), that’s very surprising!
• Really?
• What?
• Are you serious?
• You must be joking!
• You’re kidding!
• Fancy that!
• I must say … surprises me.
• I find that hard to believe.

Example of expressing surprise: 

A: How can you say that?
B: Well, that’s the fact.

Disbelief:

A: I can’t believe it!
B: That’s true

When you got a surprising fact, you can say:
Do you know what?
Believe it or not?
You may not believe it, but …
Can you believe this?

You can respond to the surprising fact using these expressions:
Really?
Are you joking?
Oh?
Where? Show me